tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48756838653301481262024-03-07T23:17:38.293-08:00MAGGOT PRODUCTION ( MAGGOT CULTURE )maggots as a solution to the high cost of feed in fish and livestock
production.TODOWEDE EMMANUELhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01219473915937845854noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4875683865330148126.post-72380342951506873652010-10-15T06:05:00.000-07:002010-10-15T07:18:37.014-07:00FARMERS SHOULD FACILITATE AND ENGAGE IN MASS PRODUCTION OF MAGGOTS AS A SOUTION TO HIGH COST OF FEED MEAL IN FISH AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIONS<pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Maggot is the larvae of the domestic fly (Musca domestica). </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Farmers should facilities for and engage in the mass production</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">of maggots as a solution to the high cost of feed in fish and livestock</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">production.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">A brief review of a maggot production</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">1) Role of maggot in development</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">i) Provides a source of nutrient for fish and other live stocks.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">ii) Provides fertilizer for crop production.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">iii) Protection of the environment as wastes are concentrated and</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">decomposed.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">iv) The technology for maggot production is simple and cost effective for</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">farmers.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">2) Choice of site for Maggotry</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Maggottries should preferably be located away from human residence - in</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">places where there are trees. The leaves of the surroundings vegetation</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">serve to absorb offensive odor from the maggotry and reduces the ambient</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">temperature.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">3) Maggot compartment or Housing</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">The building should preferably be oriented in an East-West direction to</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">reduce the effect of direct sunlight on the substrate.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Specifications : The garble roof type of building with openings at the top</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">and sides for ventilation is recommended. The roof can be made of</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">corrugated iron sheets or thatch. The following dimensions are</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">in use :</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Height of building:</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Floor to eaves = 2 meters</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Floor to ridge = 3.2 meters</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Wall of building:</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Open sided building with very short walls to allow for optimum free flow of</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">air. The dwarf wall should be 0.4 meters higher than the maximum water</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">level in the surrounding canal.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Floor : The floor of the building is flat concrete and plastered. The</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">rectangular building has a central passage (0.8m wide) in the middle with</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">substrate tanks arranged on either sides of the passage.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Substrate tanks : Maggot substrate tanks are open shallow concrete tanks</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">where the fly larvae are cultured. Each tank is 1 meter square and 0.1</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">meter deep. Each side has railings of 0.12m.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Collecting tanks: These are narrow tanks 0.3m wide and 1 meter length</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">running parallel to the substrate tanks where escaping maggots are trapped</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">and harvested maggots are cleaned.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Surrounding Canals (or gutters): The entire building housing the maggotry</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">is surrounded by a canal (or gutter) containing water to prevent the</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">invasion of ants and other crawling predators. This canal which is 1meter</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">wide is used in raising tilapia and catfish which feeds exclusively on</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">stray maggots and phytoplanktons in water.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">4) Maggot Culture</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">To produce maggots, the following prerequisites must be satisfied :</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* House fly (Musca domestica)</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* Suitable substrate</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* Fly attractants</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">In Songhai Center, the substrate used is fermented grain residue namely</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">brewery spent grain. The fly attractants include animal manure like pig and</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">poultry wastes ; animal offal from the abattoir, dead lizards, birds, rats</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">and other animals - we also use decaying fruits like mangoes. Mango is a</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Good attractant.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Production Procedure:</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Maggot production is an aerobic fermentation process.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">To produce maggots, proceed as follows:</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* In a clean substrate tank (1m x 1m) place 4 shovels full of fresh</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">animal manure and 6 shovel full of fresh brewery spent grain. Mix them</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">together.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* Cut the animal offal into small pieces (10cm length) and spread them</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">in the middle on top of the substrate.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* The flies are attracted immediately to lay eggs.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* During dry weather, water the prepared tanks, using a watering can.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* Small maggots are observed about 6 hours later ( after first contact</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">of flies with substrate)</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* Water the substrate daily. The drier the weather, the more frequent</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">the watering. Avoid water logging of substrate.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* The maggots attain optimal size in 3 - 4 days and are then ready to</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">be harvested. Minimal temperature of 30 C or more is required for maggot</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">production.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Other points to note:</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">During unfavorable weather, decomposition is slow and the substrates should</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">be turned daily, before the first harvesting. At about 6days old, maggots</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">become slow and relatively insensitive and are ready to be transformed into</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">adult flies.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">5) Harvesting of maggots</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Harvesting of maggots begins on the 4th day after 1st contact of fly with</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">substrate. The maggots are of the right size at this stage.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">To harvest, proceed as follows:</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* i) Water the substrate (few seconds later, the maggots migrate to</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">the surface of the substrate).</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* ii) Place fresh brewery waste and some fresh pig or chicken manure</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">at the corner nearest the migration terminus.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* iii) About 30 min later, the maggots are attracted to the substrate.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Scoop the maggots with a hand spade into the collecting tank where the</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">remaining brewery waste is removed with a broom. Harvest the clean maggots</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">into a rubber or plastic bucket.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* iv) Wood ash is sprayed on maggots in the bucket to prevent them from</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">escaping.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">* v) Harvesting is done twice daily (morning and afternoon).The</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">morning field constitutes 73.7% of the daily total.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">1m x 1m substrate tank yields 2.5-3.3.5Kg of maggot per day.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">6) Factors affecting yield of Maggots</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Season of the year</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">a) Production is low during harmattan and dry weather</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">b) Temperature >= 30?C</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">c) Humidity - Production is better in humid conditions</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">d) Quantity of fly attractants / baits - More the quantity of attractants,</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">the more number of flies and the greater the number of maggots produced.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">e) Predators - Rats at night ; lizards and birds in the day ; ants if not</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">prevented cover the field of maggots.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">f) Operators skill can affect the quantity of maggot produced</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Aquaculture : Feeding of fresh maggots to tilapia and catfishes is done</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">twice daily. (late in the morning and later afternoon). An average of 100</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Kg/day of fresh maggot is used for 87 concrete ponds of about 50 m2 and 0.5</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">m depth each.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Poultry: Fresh maggots are used as basic component of feed for quail,</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">chicks. Fresh maggots are included in the ration of poultry and guinea</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">fowls.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Fertiliser : The spent substrates are used to fertilize directly plants in</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">the field (ring application in mango, banana, papaw plantation) In farm</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">yard manure, the spent substrates are incorporated into the compost</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">production.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">8) Preservation of Maggots</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">By sundrying of steamed maggots and placing in airtight containers.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">9) Chemical Composition of maggots</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Dry Matter 24,7%</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Crude protein 47,5-50,1%</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Lipid 19,3%</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Cellulose 23,2%</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Minerals 9,1%</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Ca 1,5%</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">P 1,2%</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Mg 0,3%</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">K 1,3%</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Na 4528 ppm</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Mn 196,5 ppm</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Fe 425,7 ppm</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Cu 19,7 ppm</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Zn 235,8 ppm</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">10) Constraints of Production</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Problem.......... Solution</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Waterlogging of substrates during rains.......... Since the orientation of</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">the building is impossible after construction, increase the eave or height</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">of the dwarf wall. Wind breaks are also useful around the building.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Harmattan or dry air which dries the substrate faster........... Water</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">substrates frequently. Turn substrates after every harvesting.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Direct Sunlight on substrates.......... Cover the open sided walls with</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">bamboo mats or dark colored plastic sheets well arranged for ventilation.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Ants (Soldier ants).......... Maintain water regularly in the canal.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Inspect and repair cracks inside the building</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Birds.......... Line traps are used for birds outside. Trap nets are also</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">placed in the open walls.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Lizards.......... Place trap nets in the open walls.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Rats.......... Place trap nets in the open walls</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">Human vigilance .......... The operator should also be vigilant enough to</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">harvest the maggots earlier before they could pass to the next stage.</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";">for more details contact the author @ emmanueltodos@gmail.com or +2348055139622,</span></pre><pre><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Black";"> </span></pre><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div>TODOWEDE EMMANUELhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01219473915937845854noreply@blogger.com4